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Downstream analysis with QIIME

The starting point for downstream OTU analysis is an OTU table giving the number of reads per sample per OTU. This is all you need to perform many standard analyses including alpha and beta diversity.

To get an OTU table in QIIME classic format, use the -otutabout option of usearch_global. Some QIIME scripts require BIOM format, in which case you can use the -biomout option. See generating an OTU table for details.

The biom utility, which is included in the QIIME virtual box, can be used to convert from QIIME classic to BIOM format For example,

biom convert -i otutable.txt -o otutable.json --table-type "OTU table" --to-json

biom convert -i otutable.txt -o otutable.hdf5 --table-type "OTU table" --to-hdf5

You may also need a tree for the OTUs, e.g. for Unifrac analsysis. To make a tree, you can use the cluster_agg command in usearch. (Note there is a bug in this command in v9.0, you can work around it by using version 8 or version 9.1). For example:

usearch -cluster_agg otus.fa -treeout tree.phy

This generates a tree in Newick format which is compatible with mothur and many other programs. Some programs are very picky about labels in Newick files which may cause problems. To get the best compatibility with other software, you should update the sequence labels as follows. Delete any usearch-style annotations (things like size=123;). Make sure you use only letters and numbers, don't use anything else (even periods or underscores). Don't use labels longer than 10 characters. Labels like Otu123 should be compatible with most (all?) programs.

Alpha diversity
You can use the alpha_diversity.py script. The -m option specifies the metric(s) to use and the -o option specifies an output file name.

alpha_diversity.py -i otutab.txt -m shannon -o shannon.txt
alpha_diversity.py -i otutab.json -m chao1 -o shannon.txt

Beta diversity
You can use the beta_diversity.py script. The -m option specifies the metric(s) to use and the -o option specifies an output directory name.

beta_diversity.py -i otutab.txt -m euclidean -o euclidean